Almost any sort can.
Normal LV incandescent - no problem. Dimmer may need to be derated (i.e. you need a bigger one) for halogen lamps.
Normal ELV incandescent - no problem, provided the transformer is dimmable, and the dimmer is suitable for transfomers, and the type of dimming is compatible between the two.
Fluorescents - generally not dimmable without special control gear which ordinary domestic fluorescents and compact fluorescents (e.g. low-energy replacement lamps) do not have.