Technically it's called a CPC - Circuit Protective Conductor. At the moment it isn't an earth because it's not connected to anything.Guys, I have just noticed that right inside the sheath for the red,blue,yellow cable is a copper cable, assuming this is the earth?. On both the Landing Switch and the Downstairs Switch it is barely visible, certainly not connected?
In theory, if you went round all the points the cables go to (including the fuse board), stripped back the sheath and reterminated, then you'd have earths. In practice you'd be one exceedingly lucky person if any one of them, let alone all of them, have enough slack to do that. If you can get enough length to get at the CPC, then they could be extended - but you do need to do that on every cable between the switch and the earth in the fusebox, just connecting them together doesn't create an earth.
As I said, the mind boggles at the mindset of someone that takes the effort to chop them off rather than "park" them in the back of the box. Even if they CBA to terminate them (as if that's hard ), just slipping them in a bit of sleeving would have meant that they were there for you to simply connect now.