Totting up big (non polar) deserts you get to 20m sq km
a 1 x 1.6m panel can produce up to 335 Watts at the mo. Bad old ones were only 5.
At say 100 W per sq m from solar panels, that could be 20 00 000 000 000 000 watts, that's 2000 TW
Say you get 100TW due to darkth, dirtth etc
1 Watt = 1 J/sec
so.....
In 2007 the werld used 523,350 TJ of primary energy (WikiP)
523350 /( 3600 x 100) = an hour and a half.
So for one sunny morning or so per year you could harvest the sun, split water and pipe liquid hydrogen around the werld.
It would also reflect a bit of heat away.
Sorted.
Perhaps that nice Mr Xi or Mr Musk could knock out coils of PV material 12m wide (so they fit a 40ft container), 100m or whatever long, to unroll in the deserts.
SOmeone please check I'm not out by a factor of a million or gaxillion or something ...
Deserts:
Sand storms, so you would need to regularly clean them, and they would get damaged from abrasiveness of the sand.
Solar PV isn't as efficient in hot climates (assuming we are in hot deserts), so you'd be lookig at solar CSP. Many deserts are problematic generally for solar power this and other reasons.
But lets fly in the face of real world problems.
Now lets assume the world's economy stays as it is in terms of growth on average, and we have about 2.3% per year. We would have to cover the entire Earth with solar panels, owing to the increase in energy demand in about 275 years (assuming solar PV for now), and we'd be using 7000TW.
In reality of course this won't happen, as we can't just keep growing the economy, but it shows how easy it is to screw things up when we have such a huge energy demand.
According to here:
We consumer an average of 18.2TW in 2016. It also points out that we are lifting ,millions out of extreme poverty (hurrah!). Of course, this will mean that they will be adding to the demand for energy, which explains the maths above in part).
Between now and 2297, we need to stop growing the economy. In fact we need to start that sooner rather than later for many developed countries, but of course in a way that doesn't screw us over.
We can only really use more nuclear power at this scale, whether fission or fusion/fission. There really is no other alternative. Yes you can build a few more wind turbines, (and I'd like to see more), but the idea that we have enough desert to last us long term is misplaced. We only have so much room for solar/wind when looking at this scale, and our demand for energy will only go up in the foreseeable.
of course, the above ignores thigs like losses, night time, variations in wind and the need for huge battery back up.